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Pterygioteuthis giardi group

Annie Lindgren, Richard E. Young, and Katharina M. Mangold (1922-2003)
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taxon links [up-->]Pterygioteuthis giardi [up-->]Pterygioteuthis hoylei [down<--]Pterygioteuthis Interpreting the tree
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Containing group: Pterygioteuthis

Introduction

Brief Diagnosis:

A Pterygioteuthis with... 

Characteristics

  1. Arms - hooks are in 2 series on arms I-III.
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    Figure.  Oral view of arms I from a female P. hoylei. ©

    1. Arms I - distal suckers are globular.
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      Figure.  Close-up of distal suckers for P. hoylei. ©

    2. Arms IV - females without suckers or hooks, males with 2-3 hooks.
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      Figure.  Oral views of right arms IV from P. hoyleiTop - female.  Bottom - male with 2 hooks and 1 small sucker.  ©

    3. Hectocotylus plate - contains 2 large teeth.
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      Figure.  Hectocotylus of P. hoylei. ©

  2. Tentacular clubs - suckers (4 series) on manus of similar size in transverse rows.
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    Figure.  Oral view of the tentacular club from P. hoylei. ©

  3. Buccal membrane - with ridges on inner surface.
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    Figure.  Oral view of the buccal membrane from P. hoylei. ©

  4. Eye photophores - 10 large and 5 minute (see arrows below).
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    Figure.  Ventral view of the minute eye photophores (arrows) from the right eye of P. giardi. ©

Comparison table for P. giardi and P. hoylei

Character P. giardi
P. hoylei
Arm I hooks
In 2 distinct sizes: regular and minute
Minute hooks absent
Male Arm III suckers
proximal suckers, distal hooks
hooks only*
Tentacular photophores
2
4
Tentacular stalk chromatophores
Stop midway up stalk (distal to 2nd photophore)
Continue along entire stalk in 1 row
Aboral tentacular club chromatophores
Absent
In 2 rows along edges of club
Funnel chromatophores
Few present anterior to funnel locking apparatus, generally absent from ventral funnel
Present anterior to locking apparatus, present on ventral funnel.
*Occasionally 1-2  tiny suckers also present.

Discussion of Phylogenetic Relationships

Pterygioteuthis hoylei was originally considered a subspecies of P. giardi: Hoyle (1904) was the first to note differences in 4 specimens of P. giardi collected from the eastern tropical Pacific, but he made no formal designation.  Pfeffer (1912) later erected the subspecies, Pterygioteuthis giardi hoylei based on the descriptions by Hoyle, but made no further examination of specimens himself. Further investigation (Lindgren, 2010) uncovered notable differences between the two subspecies (see table above), leading to the elevation of P. hoylei to specific status.

References

Lindgren, A.R. 2010. Systematics and distribution of the squid genus Pterygioteuthis (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida) in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean

Nesis, K.N. 1973. Cephalopods of the eastern equatorial and south-eastern Pacific Ocean (in Russian). In: English translations of selected publications on Cephalopods by Kir Nesis. Vol. I (M.J. Sweeney, compiler), pp. 171-248. Smithsonian Institution Libraries, Aad Publications, Karachi.

Okutani, T. 1974. Epipelagic decapod cephalopods collected by midwater tows during the EASTROPAC Expedition, 1967-1968 (systematic part). Bull. Tokai Reg. Fisheries Res. Lab. 80:29-118.

Pfeffer, G. 1912. Die Cephalopoden der Plankton-Expedition. Ergebnisse der Plankton-Expedition der Humboldt-Stiftung. 2: 1-815.

Riddell, D.J. 1985. Enoploteuthidae of the New Zealand Region. Fish. Res. Bull., New Zealand. 27:1-52.

Young, R.E. 1972. The systematics and areal distribution of pelagic cephalopods from the seas off southern California. Smith. Contr. Zool. 97:1-59.

Title Illustrations
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Scientific Name Pterygioteuthis
Specimen Condition Dead Specimen
Identified By S. Haddock
Life Cycle Stage Juvenile
View Ventral
Copyright © 2006 Steven Haddock
About This Page


Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA


University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA

Katharina M. Mangold (1922-2003)
Laboratoire Arago, Banyuls-Sur-Mer, France

Correspondence regarding this page should be directed to Annie Lindgren at and Richard E. Young at

Page: Tree of Life Pterygioteuthis giardi group. Authored by Annie Lindgren, Richard E. Young, and Katharina M. Mangold (1922-2003). The TEXT of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License - Version 3.0. Note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own license, and they may or may not be available for reuse. Click on an image or a media link to access the media data window, which provides the relevant licensing information. For the general terms and conditions of ToL material reuse and redistribution, please see the Tree of Life Copyright Policies.

Citing this page:

Lindgren, Annie, Richard E. Young, and Katharina M. Mangold (1922-2003). 2011. Pterygioteuthis giardi group. Version 11 January 2011 (under construction). http://tolweb.org/Pterygioteuthis_giardi_group/110605/2011.01.11 in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/

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