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Apidae

Carpenter bees, cuckoo bees, honey bees, etc.

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taxon links [up-->]Nomadinae [up-->]Xylocopinae [up-->]Apinae [down<--]Apidae sensu lato Interpreting the tree
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This tree diagram shows the relationships between several groups of organisms.

The root of the current tree connects the organisms featured in this tree to their containing group and the rest of the Tree of Life. The basal branching point in the tree represents the ancestor of the other groups in the tree. This ancestor diversified over time into several descendent subgroups, which are represented as internal nodes and terminal taxa to the right.

example of a tree diagram

You can click on the root to travel down the Tree of Life all the way to the root of all Life, and you can click on the names of descendent subgroups to travel up the Tree of Life all the way to individual species.

For more information on ToL tree formatting, please see Interpreting the Tree or Classification. To learn more about phylogenetic trees, please visit our Phylogenetic Biology pages.

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Tree after Roig-Alsina and Michener (1993).
Containing group: Apidae sensu lato

Other Names for Apidae

References

Brothers, D. J. 1999. Phylogeny and evolution of wasps, ants and bees (Hymenoptera, Chrysidoidea, Vespoidea and Apoidea). Zoologica Scripta 28 (1-2): 233-249.

Engel, M. S. 2001. A monograph of the Baltic Amber bees and evolution of the Apoidea (Hymenoptera). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 259: 1-192.

Melo, G. A. R. 1997. Phylogenetic Relationships and Classification of the Major Lineages of Apoidea (Hymenoptera), with Emphasis on the Crabronid Wasps. Unpublished doctoral Dissertation, University of Kansas, Lawrence.

Plant, J. D. and Paulus, H. F. 1987. Comparative morphology of the postmentum of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) with special remarks on the evolution of the lorum. Zeitschrift für zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung 25: 81-103.

Roig-Alsina, A. and Michener, C. D. 1993. Studies of the phylogeny and classification of long-tongued bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 55: 124-162.

Title Illustrations
Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window
Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window
Scientific Name Anthophora plumipes
Location UK
Specimen Condition Live Specimen
Sex Male
Source Anthophora plumipes (m)
Source Collection Flickr
Image Use creative commons This media file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License - Version 2.0.
Copyright © 2007 Tristan
Scientific Name Nomada lathburiana
Location UK
Specimen Condition Live Specimen
Sex Female
Source Nomada lathburiana (f)
Source Collection Flickr
Image Use creative commons This media file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License - Version 2.0.
Copyright © 2007 Tristan
Scientific Name Andrena cineraria
Location UK
Specimen Condition Live Specimen
Source Andrena cineraria (m)
Source Collection Flickr
Image Use creative commons This media file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License - Version 2.0.
Copyright © 2007 Tristan
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Citing this page:

Tree of Life Web Project. 2004. Apidae. Carpenter bees, cuckoo bees, honey bees, etc.. Version 19 March 2004 (temporary). http://tolweb.org/Apidae/22101/2004.03.19 in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/

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This page is a Tree of Life Branch Page.

Each ToL branch page provides a synopsis of the characteristics of a group of organisms representing a branch of the Tree of Life. The major distinction between a branch and a leaf of the Tree of Life is that each branch can be further subdivided into descendent branches, that is, subgroups representing distinct genetic lineages.

For a more detailed explanation of the different ToL page types, have a look at the Structure of the Tree of Life page.

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